|
The 34th Infantry Division ("Red Bull") is an infantry division of the United States Army, part of the Army National Guard, that participated in World War I and World War II. It was the first American division deployed to Europe in World War II, where it fought with great distinction in the Italian Campaign. The division was deactivated in 1945, and the 47th "Viking" Infantry Division later created in the division's former area. In 1991 the 47th Division was redesignated the 34th. Since 2001 division soldiers have served on homeland security duties in the continental United States, in Afghanistan, and in Iraq. The 34th has also been deployed to support peacekeeping efforts in the former Yugoslavia and elsewhere.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://usacac.army.mil/cac2/call/thesaurus/toc.asp?id=429 )〕 The division continues to serve today, with most of the division part of the Minnesota and Iowa National Guard. In 2011, it was staffed by roughly 6,500 soldiers from the Minnesota National Guard, 2,900 from the Iowa National Guard, about 300 from the Nebraska National Guard, and about 100 from other states. ==World War I== The division was established as the 34th Division of the National Guard in August 1917, consisting of units from North Dakota, South Dakota, Iowa, and Minnesota. On 25 August 1917 it was placed under the command of Maj. Gen. A. P. Blacksom, who was succeeded by Brig. Gen. F. G. Mauldin briefly on 18 September 1917 but was back in command by 10 December 1917.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/cbtchron/cc/034id.htm )〕 The division initially included the 67th Infantry Brigade, formed in August 1917 in the Iowa and Nebraska Army National Guards and the 68th Infantry Brigade. The 67th Brigade comprised the 133rd Infantry Regiment and the 134th Infantry Regiment. The 68th Brigade comprised the 135th Infantry Regiment and the 136th Infantry Regiment. The division takes its name from the shoulder sleeve insignia designed for a 1917 training camp contest by American regionalist artist Marvin Cone, who was then a soldier enlisted in the unit. Cone's design evoked the desert training grounds of Camp Cody, New Mexico, by superimposing a red steer skull over a black Mexican water jug called an "olla." In World War I, the unit was called the "Sandstorm Division." German troops in World War II, however, called the U.S. division's soldiers "Red Devils" and "Red Bulls," the division later officially adopted the divisional nickname Red Bulls.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/army/34id.htm )〕 On 8 May 1918 Brig. Gen. F. G. Mauldin took command. The 34th Division arrived in France in October 1918 but it was too late for the division to be sent to the front, as the end of hostilities was near, an armistice being signed the following month. Brig. Gen. John A. Johnston took command 26 October 1918, and some personnel were sent to other units to support their final operations. The 34th returned to the U.S. and was inactivated in December 1918.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/cbtchron/cc/034id.htm )〕 The 67th Infantry Brigade was disbanded in February 1919, but formed again in 1921, still as part of the 34th Division. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「34th Infantry Division (United States)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|